(在此卷上答题无效)绝密★启用前五市十校教研教改共同体三湘名校教育联盟·2022年下学期高二期中考试湖湘名校教育联合体化学命题：天壹名校联盟命题组审题：天壹名校联盟审题组永州一中化学备课组本试卷共6页。全卷满分100分，考试时间75分钟。注意事项：1,答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷和答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑，如有改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案；回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。可能用到的相对原子质量：H1C12N14O16S32Cr52一、选择题：本题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。1.化学与生活，生产及科技密切相关，下列有关说法正确的是A.为防控新冠病毒，将“84”消毒液与酒精1：1混合，消毒效果更好B.利用明矾净水，可以达到杀菌消毒和沉淀悬浮物的目的C.“天宫二号”空间实验室的硅电池板将光能直接转化为电能D.“天宫”空间站使用石墨烯存储器，石墨烯与金刚石互为同分异构体2.氢化钠(NaHD)可在野外用作生氢剂。反应原理为NaH+H,O一NaOH+H,↑，下列化学用语表述正确的是(A.NaH的电子式：Na+[:H]B.H2、D2、T2互为同位素C.H2O/中电子数为8D.Na的离子结构示意图2r'83:S-诱抗素是一种植物的生长平衡因子，原名天然脱落酸，是所有绿色植物均含有的纯天然产物。下列说法不正确的是A.可以在催化剂作用下生成有机高分子化合物B.该有机物的分子式为C1sHO,C.可使溴的四氯化碳溶液和酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色，且褪色原COOH理相同D.1mol该物质可与足量的钠完全反应生成1mol氢气【高二化学第1页（共6页）】

65.our。考查代词。根据语境可知，设空处在句中作定语，修饰名词dreams,应使用形容词性物主代词，故填our。

B2新教材·外研高三基础第10朗TESTINGENGLISHn tneat(2022-2023)that you上接B1版)BW:Yeah,last serIn the blue-green depths of the sea off the coast of Tuscany,Italy,anboth an artistic statement and a physical to trawling.takingunusl seafloor sculpture park is defending its watery setting.Today,39 huge stone sculptures dot the seabed along an area ofclassesM:Well,wSince fisherman Paolo Fanciulli's teens,he has been heading out dailyTuscan coastline near the town of Talamone.In the immediate future.You coIto fish in these coastal waters along the Maremma coastline.It was in theFanciulli hopes to continue his great solution in coastal waters."Man isbut the1980s that he began to notice the clear signs:a seabed that was becomingstill destroying the seas,"he says.And my task continues."W:But I'mbarren(贫瘠的)，with exhausted fish stocks.Until recently,.he has been24.What poses a threat to Faneiulli's work of artisanal fishing?physicsforced to share catches with a threatening part:illegal "bottom trawlersA.A growing number of fishermen.B.Frequent terrible weather.otally(拖网捕鱼的人)”，who randomly spoil a large quantity of ocean life asC.Illegal trawling industry.D.Rocks on the seafloor.M:Then wW:So I couthey fish,dragging a weighted net along the seafloor behind their boats.25.Why was the underwater sculpture park built?right?Fanciulli''s style of artisanal fishing(手工捕鱼)，in contrast,needs toA.To show artists'creativity.Interesbe friendly to nature as damaging the ecosystem could reduce fishermen'sB.To protect the ecosystem of the sea.to taketoo.Itincome.Fanciulli understood that the success of his fishing activity wasC.To develop the local green tourismangulinked to the good state of the environment.The underwater"House ofD.To warn against fishing in coastal waters.matteFish"sculpture park,which was started in 2015,was encouraged by this26.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?theatefisherman."One of the most effective solutions is to physically preventA.The process of building the sculpture park.Aftertrawling through artificial reefs...so I started working on this project,B.The results of banning seafloor trawling.my idoText 9trying to combine the protection of the seabed with something that couldC.The roles of the sculpture park under the seaM:My doalso give an added value to our environment,something as beautiful as aD.The damaging effects of trawling on sea life.to getsculpture,”he said,27.What could be the best title for this text?Can yRocks or sculptures can break weighted trawler nets.They can alsoA.The first underwater park in the worldW:Wellplay a role as artificial reefs,giving corals and other sea life a place to liveB.Fanciulli's innovation in cleaning the oceanfun.Thanks to the underwater sculptures,some species not seen in a long whileC.Waters with sculptures:Better habitats for fishhobbsuch as groupers and lobsters have returned.The sculpture park representsexperD.A seafloor park:Artworks for protecting our seaM:No,I dequipdo soDr.Nancy Darling,professor and chair of the psychology departmentenjoyaat Oberlin College,has researched teens and honesty for 20 years,There's an argument that this is a normal,healthy teen attitude.DrumbreW:Colleconducting studies in the U.S.,Chile,the Philippines,and Italy.HerJohn Duffy,a clinical psychologist,said,"Among the primary challengesheardconclusion is that 98 percent of teenagers worldwide lie to their parents.of adolescence is making their own decisions and establishing an identitybut I“Is that all?”myl6-year-old friend,Jesse,,seoffs(嘲笑)when I tellseparate and apart from their parents.More often than not,some degree oflying typically takes place here..This is a part of the“rebellion(叛逆)”thatone.him this.“I think2 percent are lying.”musihelps establish a personal point of view.'M:Yes,Teens lie,Darling says,about how they spend their money,where they28.Why does Jesse laugh at Dr.Nancy Darling's conclusion?wantgo with their friends,and what they're doing.If the topics teens lie aboutA.He thinks her studies are not useful.Whatare fairly predictable,the reasons why they do it are also pretty easy toB.He thinks her statistics are misleading.W:My hounderstand.According to Darling,the three reasons why teens lie are,"theyC.He thinks her statistics are not accurateI'vethink they will get in trouble,they think their parents will be disappointedsinceD.He thinks her studies are based on lies.a lotin them,and they think their parents will stop them from doing something29.What causes teens to lie according to Dr.Nancy Darling?everthey want to do in the future.'A.Their parents'attitudeB.Their friends'pressure.M:No.y insightful(有洞察力的)friend Jesse offers a fourth reason whyC.Their intention to break rules.D.Their sense of responsibilitydiffiteens may be unwilling to tell their parents everything,"We lie because wetime30.What does the underlined word"craving"in Paragraph 4 mean?have this craving for autonomy(自主权)and independence.By bending thecolleA.Desire.B.PressureW:Yes,truth,even in small,unimportant ways,we get to keep a bit of informationC.Fear.D.Opportunity.setfor ourselves.Every lie we tell is something our parents don't find out31.What does Dr.John Duffy think of teenagers'lying?valualabout our lives..”A.It's unhealthy and disappointinginterMy daughter Tallulah,also 16,agrees."Kids lie,"she admits,"becauseB.It's normal and acceptable.so hoythey don't want their parents to know what they're doing or even thinkingC.It's a psychological problemM:I amPlus,parents always ask questions that kids don't want to answer.youD.It's a challenge to education.my nW:Yes,Text 10In 2People were already known to consume microplastics via food andVethaak said."More detailed research on how microplastics affect thebuilt a howater as well as breathing them in.In a new study,scientists analyzedblood samples from22 healthy donors(捐赠者)and found microplasticsstructures and processes of the human body,whether and how they canIt was notransform cells and how they may cause cancer,is urgently needed.Thebuilt a hein 17.Half the samples contained PET plastic,which is commonlyhe builtproblem is becoming more urgent each day."used in drink bottles,while a third contained polystyrene,which is usedhe and hi32.What does the new study show?childrerfor packaging food and other products.A quarter of the blood samplesA.Drink bottles contain more microplasticswanted acontained polyethylene,from which plastic carrier bags are made.B.Microplastics have been found in human blood.window"Previous work had shown that microplastics were 10 times higherC.Microplastic pollution is harmful to human healthpedroomin the faeces(排泄物)of babies compared with adults and that babies fedwith plastic bottles were swallowing millions of microplastic particles aD.Food packaging is the main source of microplastics.this meaaway froday.We also know in general that babies are more sensitive to chemical and33.What does the underlined word"That"in Paragraph 2 refer to?time,thiparticle exposure,"said Prof Dick Vethaak,a scientist at Vrije UniversiteitA.Babies'weakness in resisting harmful thingsand KusB.The mass production of plastic bottlesswitchAmsterdam.“That worries me a lot.”C.Babies'having to use plastic bottles.He hadThe new research adapted existing techniques to detect and analyzeD.The increasing amount of chemicals in food.betweerparticles as small as 0.0007mm.Some of the blood samples contained two34.What might make microplastics vary between blood samples accordingturn thor three types of plastic.The team used steel syringe(注射器)needlesto Vethaak?and moand glass tubes to avoid pollution and tested for background levels of(19)Itmicroplastics using blank samples.A.Diverse sampling time.task,buVethaak acknowledged that the amount and type of plastic variedB.Pollution of blood samples.wanted.considerably between the blood samples."But this is a pioneering study,"C.Donors'different health conditions.Kusiche said,with more work now needed.He said the differences might reflectD.Short-term exposure to plastics before sampling.the firstshort-term exposure before the blood samples were taken,such as drinking35.What can we infer from the last paragraph?to haveagainfrom a plastic-lined coffee cup or wearing a plastic face mask.A.Plastic products could be banned in the future.built a"Are the particles preserved in the body?Are they transported tocertain organs(器官)？And are these levels high enough to cause disease??”B.Plastic particles are a threat to human organsshe pleC.The effects of microplastics on humans need to be studiedneverD.It takes long to solve the problems caused by microplastics.universbuilt thelectric(下转B3版)of an o

Victorious Festival::胜利音乐节，是在英国朴次茅斯(Portsmouth)举行的为期三天的音乐节。

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若受>2，即m>4.此时)在区间[-2,2]单调递减.则fx)m=∫(2)=3一m,…1】分综上、mK-4时，/x)m=3m十3：-4长m≤4时，x)a=-管+m-1m>4时，/=3-m…12分20.獬：(1)依题意，当每批购人x台时，全年霜用保管费S=20002Xk,…2分“.金年需支付运输和保管总费用为y=3600X400+2000xX4分”x=400时=4360.代人上式得=分…6分(2由(1)得y=1400+100x≥2√/44000X00=240.…x9分当且.仅当1440000-100x,即.x=120台时y取最小值24000元.…1分.只要安排每批进货120台，便可使资金够用.…12分21.解：1根据题意-学是奇函数，则有一)=-，则有岁=一解得b=0……1分水)=经1)=1异=受=1，解得a=2,…2分=经[-1，……3分(2)f(x)在[-1.1]上为增函数：证明如下：设一1≤x10,1-1a2>0,x1一2

当时高心*为当g时心为号、（m=12,（m=9,15,3_√27因为A=(1,-1,-2),Bt=(1,1,-1),At=(0,2,1),所以c0sBA,BC=2√6X531因为ni.d√-停怎所以点A到直线0的距离为m,后×号-平31设平面ABC的法向量为n=(x,y,),所以n=一x十T2=0令y=-1,得n=(3,-1,2.因为A心.n=2y十z=0,=(0,-2,-4),所以点P到平面AC的距离为P咳.L=6=34n√14716.16由题意知，抛物线C:y2=4x,设直线1与l2的斜率分别为k1,k2,则k1k2=一1，联立方程组y=k(x-1),y2=4x,消去y并整理得x2-2(+2)x+=0,设A》.5则n十-25吉2=2+青，AB=AP+BF=(国+1》+（+1)=4+k好寿同群IN=4计后于是得AB+N-8青+是-8+4+府)≥16，当仅当-=1时，等号成立，所以AB引+MN|的最小值为16.17.解：(1)设圆M的方程为x2+y+Dx十Ey十F=0,10-3D-E+F=0,则100一6D十8E十F=0,……2分2+D+E+F=0,獬得D=6,E=一8，F=0,……4分所以圆M的方程为x2+y2十6x一8y=0,故圆M的标准方程为(x十3)2十(y一4)2=25.…5分(2)当切线斜率不存在时，切线方程为x=2;…6分当切线斜率存在时，设切线方程为y一3=k(x一2)，即k.x一y一2k十3=0.…7分由-30一2+3到-5，解得=号，…8分√/1+k2所以切线方程为y-3=号(x-2),即12x-5y-9=0.……9分综上所述，所求切线方程为x=2或12x一5y一9=0.…10分18.解：以D为坐标原点，以D才，D心，D心的方向分别为x,y,之轴的正方向，建立如D,图所示的空间直角坐标系，则M10,0,N(1,1,号)，C(0,2.0),D(0,0,3,ABB(2,2,0),N=0,1,2).Ci=1,-2,0),Bd=(-2,-2,3).3分(1)证明：取m=(1,0,0)为平面CCDD的一个法向量，D..M因为M不·m=0,所以M不⊥m.B因为MN￠平面CCDD,所以MN∥平面CCDD.…6分(2)设平面CMN的法向量为n=(x,y,),n=叶多=则令之=-2，得n=(6,3,-2).…9分Ci·n=x-2y=0,设BD与平面CMN所成角为0，【高一数学·参答案篦3.瓦（共5五）】2313B1·

子=0有三个不同的实根，则过点0,1)可作曲线)=)的切线的条数最多为3。11.D设双曲线C的左焦点为F'.由双曲线的定义可得|PF|-|PF|=2a=6,则|PF=PF|+6,故|PF1+IPA=IPFI+IPA+6≥|AFI+6.因为|AF|=IAF|=5,所以IPF|+IPA|+|AFI≥|AFI+1AF|+6=16.12.C如图，连接D1E,DF,易证四边形BED1F是平行四边形，则点P在线段D1E上，从而2≤AP≤2√5，故①错误连接AH,易证BE⊥平面A1AH,则A1H⊥BE.同理可证A1H⊥BF,则A1HA1⊥平面BEF.因为BPC平面BEF,所以A1H⊥BP,则②正确.01因为四边形BEDF是平行四边形，所以DE∥BF,所以D1P∥平面ABF.因为点P在线段DE上，所以点P到平面ABF的距离为定值，所以三棱锥P一ABF的体积是定值，则③正确.取A1D的中点G,连接AG,GF.分别取BF,AG的中点O1,O2,连接OO,易知三棱锥P-BBF外接球的球心O在O1O2上，连接OB,OP,O2E,O2P.设三棱锥P-BBF外接球的半径为R,则R=OO十OB2=OO号+O2P2.因为AD=2AB=2AA1=4,所以O1O=2,O1B=O2E=√2，所以R2=O十2=(2-OO1|)2+EP+2,所以OO=4EP2+1,则当P与E重合时，OO=1,此时三棱锥P-BBF外接球的半径取得最小值3；当P与D,重合时，OO=3,此时三棱锥P-BBF外接球的半径取得最大值√I,则三棱锥P一BBF外接球表面积的取值范围是[12π，44π]，故④正确.13.5由题意可得f(-1)=(-1)2+1=2,则f(f(-1)=f(2)=2+1=5.148由题意可得品-0-合+2=（分+兰）a十20=号++2i+4=8,当组仅当a=名6=a子时，等号成立15.4320该环保小组7名队员站成一排的站法有A好=5040种，其中3名女队员全部站在一起的站法有A4C号A=720种，则符合条件的站法有5040-720=4320种.16.[-8g,851f)=ws(x-吾)-ws3(x-吾]=o2x-吾)-(-吾]-cs2(x-吾)+-若)]=2sin[2(z-否)]sin(x-否)=4sim(x-否)cos(x-吾)=4os(z-若)[1-cos2(x-吾)]=4cos3(x-F)+4cos(x-石).设1=c0s(x-否)∈[-1,1]，则y=g()=-4r+4,故g(0=-12r+4-4(3r-1D.由g>0,得号

B.速率之比v(CO):vH2):v(CH,OH)=:2:1时不能说明正、逆反应速率相等，因此就不一定处于平衡状态，B错误；C.H2的消耗速率等于CH3OH的消耗速率，未满足系数比，C错误；D.该反应是反应前后气体物质的量改变的反应，气体的质量不变，若混合气的平均相对分子质量不变，则气体的平均相对分子质量不变，反应达到平衡状态，D正确：E.反应混合物都是气体，气体的质量不变，容器的压强不变，则气体的密度是变量，因此密度不变反应达到平衡状态，E正确；故选DE。19.【解析】(1)由图像可知，pH在7.35-7.45之间，溶液中含神元素的主要微粒是H3AsO3,故答案为H3AsO3。(2)将KOH溶液滴入亚砷酸溶液，由图像可知，当pH由11变化到12过程中，H2AsO3反应生成HAsO2,反应的离子方程式为：H2AsO3+OH=HAsO32-+H2O。故答案为H2AsO3+OH=HAsO32-+H2O。(3)亚砷酸是弱酸，不完全电离，故H3AsO3第一步电离的方程式为：H3AsO3=H2AsO3+H+；电离常数为Ka=c(H2AsO3)c(H+)/c(H3AsO3),由图像可知，pH=9.2时，H3AsO3的物质的量分数等于H2AsO,的物质的量分数，所以K1c(H+)=109.2,故pKa!=9.2;由于H3AsO3的酸性弱于碳酸，所以少量K2C03与H3As03溶液反应不能得到C02,反应的离子方程式为：H3AsO3+CO32=HCO3+H2AsO3,故答案为：H3As03+C032=HC03+H2As03。(4)A.碱性溶液中，c(OH)>c(H),故A错误；B.由图可知，当pH=14时，H2AsO3的物质的量分数几乎为0，故B错误；C.由图可知，Na2HAsO3溶液是碱性的，因此HAsO32-的水解大于电离，所以c(HAsO32-)>c(H2AsO3)>c(AsO3);故选C。(5)pH为5~9时徽粒为H3AsO3和H2AsO3,且随着pH的增大，H2AsO3含量逐渐增大，氢氧化铁胶粒表面带正电荷，pH上升则吸附效果会变好；此外pH升高促进氢氧化铁的生成，吸附效果也会变好，故答案为：①pH上升H2AsO3含量逐渐增大，氢氧化铁胶粒表面带正电荷，则吸附效果变好。②pH升高促进氢氧化铁的生成，吸附效果也会变好。高二化学8

7.“面对层出不穷的新问题、新挑战，我们要‘知行相资以为用'，不断深化认识、总结经验，实现理论创新和实践创新良性互动，把党和国家事业推向新的高度。”下列古语与“知行相资以为用”蕴含的哲理一致的有①行有不慊于心，则馁矣②行可兼知，而知不可兼行③知、行常相须，如目无足不行，足无目不见④事莫明于有效，论莫定于有证，空言虚语，虽得道心，人犹不信A.①②B.①④C.②③D.③④【答案】D【解析】“知行相资以为用”体现了实践和认识的辩证关系，要做到理论与实践具体的历史的统一。“知、行常相须，如目无足不行，足无目不见”“事莫明于有效，论莫定于有证，空言虚语，虽得道心，人犹不信”都强调了理论与实践的辩证关系，③④符合题意。“行有不慊于心，则馁矣”是说人在言行中总感觉不满意、不知足，就会泄气、气馁，①不符合题意。“行可兼知，而知不可兼行”强调了实践决定认识，有其合理之处，但是否认了认识反作用于实践，②不符合题意。8我们党的历史，就是一部不断推进马克思主义中国化的历史，就是一部不断推进理论创新、进行理论创造的历史。2021年11月，党的十九届六中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验的决议》指出，平新时代中国特色社会主义思想是当代中国马克思主义、二十一世纪马克思主义，是中华文化和中国精神的时代精华，实现了马克思主义中国化新的飞跃。这说明①真理在发展中不断地推翻自身，从而实现飞跃②任何真理都是理论与实践的具体的历史的统一③真理和谬误相伴而行，在一定条件下相互转化④实践是认识的来源，也是认识发展的动力A.①②B.①③C.②④D.③④【答案】C【解析】真理在发展中不断地超越自身，而不是推翻自身，①错误。平新时代中国特色社会主义思想实现了马克思主义中国化新的飞跃，这说明任何真理都是理论与实践的具体的历史的统一，实践是认识的来源，也是认识发展的动力，②④符合题意。材料未体现真理和谬误相伴而行，在一定条件下相互转化，③不符合题意。9.长期以来，人们关于月球样品的研究成果并未发现月球存在比29亿年年轻的岩浆活动。嫦娥五号在月表最年轻的月海玄武岩区域采集月球样品。2021年10月，有关该样品的首篇学术成果证明月球在19.6亿年前仍存在岩浆活动，使此前已知的月球地质寿命延长了约10亿年。由此可见①世界是可知的，思维与存在具有同一性②人们对事物的认识受既有观念的影响③先进的认识工具能促进人们获得新知④认识从实践中来，还要回到实践中去A.①③B.①④C.②③D.②④【答案】A【解析】①③符合题意。材料没有涉及既有观念影响认识，也没有涉及认识还要回到实践中去，②④不符合题意。10,马克思说过：“真理是普遍的，它不属于我一个人，而为大家所有；真理占有我，而不是我占有真理。”很多时候，追求真理比占有真理更宝贵；真理是“对包含着一连串相互衔接的阶段的发展过程的阐明”，而不是“一种铸币，现成的摆在那里，可以拿来藏在衣袋里”。这表明①真理具有客观性，真理面前人人平等②真理具有相对性，真理中往往包含着错误的内容③真理具有条件性，一切以时间、地点、条件为转移④真理具有反复性，人类追求真理是一个过程A.①②B.①③C.②④D.③④【答案】B【解析】“真理是普遍的，它不属于我一个人，而为大家所有；真理占有我，而不是我占有真理”，这说明真理具有客观性，真理面前人人平等，①符合题意。真理和谬误有着严格的界限，“真理中往往包含着错误的内容”说法错·71·